The Exile Foretold — Inferno, Canto 10

The Exile Foretold  Inferno 10

Farinata has not moved while Cavalcante rose and fell beside him, and now he picks up the quarrel exactly where it broke off: the art of returning from exile, he tells Dante, is one the pilgrim will soon learn the weight of; then, after a sigh and a defence of the day he saved Florence, … Read more

What is Faith?

What is faith — a figure in watercolor reaches toward golden light at the threshold between reason and the unmappable

Faith, in the version most people inherit, is the assumption you start from — the floor you stand on before any of the hard questions begin. Dante’s poem says something harder: faith is what’s left over after thinking has gone as far as it can and discovers it isn’t far enough. That’s not comfort. That’s … Read more

The New Resolve — Inferno, Canto 2

The New Resolve  Inferno 2

Canto 2 is the poem’s first crisis of nerve. Dante has agreed to go; lines 10–42 record his immediate reversal. Lines 109–142 record the recovery — Virgil finishes his account of Beatrice’s mission, presses Dante with three rapid questions, and something shifts. The flower simile at line 127 is where the passage becomes genuinely difficult: … Read more

Beatrice in Limbo — Inferno, Canto 2

Beatrice in Limbo  Inferno 2

Virgil’s account of why he came to the dark wood takes up most of this passage, organized around a chain of mercy working downward from Heaven: an unnamed noble lady was moved to grief, sent Lucy, who went to Beatrice, who crossed from her place beside Rachel in Heaven to find Virgil and ask him … Read more