The Nine Circles of Hell: Dante’s Inferno, Circle by Circle
All nine circles of Dante’s Hell in order, anchored to the cantos that describe them, including the two things the usual lists get wrong.
Scenes from Dante’s Inferno
All nine circles of Dante’s Hell in order, anchored to the cantos that describe them, including the two things the usual lists get wrong.
Francesca’s most famous line, glossed word by word, with the two incompatible readings translators have to choose between.
Farinata has not moved while Cavalcante rose and fell beside him, and now he picks up the quarrel exactly where it broke off: the art of returning from exile, he tells Dante, is one the pilgrim will soon learn the weight of; then, after a sigh and a defence of the day he saved Florence, … Read more
Halfway through Dante’s quarrel with Farinata, a second shade rises from the same open tomb, visible only to the chin, looks past the pilgrim for someone who is not there, and asks in tears where his son is; the son is Guido Cavalcanti, Dante’s closest friend in youth and a poet in his own right, … Read more
Inside the walls of Dis the travellers take a narrow path between the rampart and the open tombs, and Dante, who has been holding a question since the circle of the gluttons, gets his answer before he can ask it: a voice comes out of a burning sarcophagus, places him by his Florentine accent, and … Read more
The gate that needed a heavenly messenger to open it now stands wide, and the two travellers walk through without a fight; what is waiting inside the walls of Dis is not a battle but a cemetery — a great plain scored with open stone coffins, laid out like the Roman burial fields at Arles … Read more
After a canto of stalled threats — a Virgil who cannot open the gate, three Furies calling for Medusa, and a warning to the reader to look under the veil — the rescue finally arrives, and it arrives as weather: a crash of sound over the marsh, both banks shaking, a simile of wind tearing … Read more
Virgil has just been shut out of a city by devils, and the first thing this canto notices is a colour — cowardice painted on the pilgrim’s face from outside, and then a new colour on Virgil’s, pushed back in faster than it arrived — after which the guide stands listening for a rescue he … Read more
Phlegyas’ boat rounds the last bend of the marsh and puts them out under iron walls, inside which Dante can already make out red domes glowing like metal taken from a forge; on the battlements more than a thousand angels rained down from heaven demand to know who this is who walks the kingdom of … Read more
Half-way across the stagnant water, with Phlegyas’ boat still moving, a soul caked in mud stands up out of the marsh and challenges the living passenger — and instead of the courteous interview Dante has given every other shade so far, he returns insult for question, curses the soul, refuses to name him, watches him … Read more